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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Among at Risk Populations: Protocol for Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Aleksandra Stanimirovic1,2,3,4, Troy Francis1,2,4,5, Sonia Meerai6

  • 1Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

JMIR Research Protocols
|April 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel approach to evaluate the economic equity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening programs. By integrating intersectionality theory, it aims to ensure fair access to tele-retina services for all populations.

Keywords:
diabetic retinopathydistributional cost-effectiveness analysisequity of carehealth care disparitieshealth equityintersectionalityretinopathy screeningtelehealthtelemedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Public Health
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness, disproportionately affecting low-income populations.
  • Tele-retina screening is cost-effective but shows income-related disparities in access.
  • Intersectionality theory highlights how social characteristics create barriers to health equity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the lack of theoretical foundation in economic evaluations of DR screening.
  • To conduct a distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) of tele-retina programs.
  • To integrate intersectionality theory into economic assessments of health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A deductive, sequential multimethod approach combining a modified Delphi study and DCEA.
  • A Delphi panel (N=35-50) of stakeholders will identify social constructs and equity trade-offs.
  • Selected social constructs will be integrated into a validated tele-retina cost-effectiveness model for DCEA.

Main Results:

  • The Delphi study will identify key social factors influencing inequity in care access.
  • The DCEA will quantify the net health benefit and health equity impact of tele-retina.
  • Anticipated completion of the model by early 2026.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides a comprehensive valuation of tele-retina programs, considering health equity.
  • Results will inform policymakers on mitigating health inequity drivers in DR screening.
  • This study pioneers the integration of social constructs into DCEA for Canadian health technology assessment.