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Related Concept Videos

Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2025

Visualizing Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis of G Protein-coupled Receptors at Single-event Resolution via TIRF Microscopy
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Membrane order regulates clathrin-coated pit dynamics but not initiation.

G Aditya Kumar1, Yousef Bagheri2, Manojkumar A Puthenveedu1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
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Membrane order influences clathrin-coated pit (CCP) dynamics during endocytosis. Cholesterol depletion affects CCP initiation and dynamics, but membrane order primarily regulates CCP lifetimes, not initiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is crucial for cellular processes.
  • Regulation of clathrin-coated pit (CCP) dynamics is key to CME.
  • The role of membrane physical properties in CME is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of membrane order in regulating CCP initiation and dynamics.
  • To understand how cholesterol affects CCPs and membrane order.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized solvatochromic probes to measure membrane order in live cells.
  • Employed total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for endocytosis visualization.
  • Manipulated membrane order via cholesterol depletion and other methods.

Main Results:

  • Cholesterol depletion reduced membrane order, decreased CCP initiation, and increased CCP lifetimes.
  • In unperturbed cells, membrane order correlated with CCP lifetimes but not initiation.
  • Altering membrane order without lipid extraction affected CCP lifetimes but not initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane order is a primary regulator of CCP dynamics during endocytosis.
  • Cholesterol depletion impacts CCP initiation through mechanisms beyond altering membrane order.
  • Membrane physical properties play a significant role in CME regulation.