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Vitamin D and Acute Kidney Injury: A Reciprocal Relationship
Chandrashekar Annamalai1, Pragasam Viswanathan1
1Renal Research Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biomolecules
|April 30, 2025
Summary
Vitamin D
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Vitamin D is a prohormone requiring kidney activation to calcitriol.
- Calcitriol possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects.
- The role of vitamin D in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review vitamin D homeostasis in AKI.
- To explore the impact of vitamin D deficiency and excess on AKI.
- To identify potential therapeutic strategies involving vitamin D in AKI.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search (January 2000 - June 2024).
- Inclusion of human, animal, and in vitro AKI models.
- Analysis of vitamin D's reciprocal relationship with renal injury.
Main Results:
- Vitamin D homeostasis is dysregulated in AKI, with reciprocal interactions.
- Both vitamin D deficiency and toxicity can contribute to AKI.
- Hypervitaminosis D can cause AKI via hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.
Conclusions:
- Understanding vitamin D's role in AKI may lead to new therapies.
- Vitamin D supplementation might mitigate renal injury but requires validation.
- Avoid excessive, unsupervised vitamin D administration, particularly intramuscular injections.
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