Transforming Care: Implications of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Physical Therapist Practice

The goal of this perspective is to bring awareness to the prevalence of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 agonist) use, medication side effects, intervention considerations, and the role of the physical therapist in supporting their patients in their health journey when taking these medications. Management of obesity and diabetes is undergoing significant change with the increasing prevalence of GLP-1 agonist medications. This class of medications, which 1-in-8 adults in the United States report having taken, is becoming a critical component of obesity management, affecting the physiology and psychology of weight loss in novel ways. Due to the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in patients with diabetes and obesity, physical therapists can play a crucial role in the comprehensive care of patients on GLP-1 agonist therapy. This perspective explores the practice implications for managing patients living with obesity and/or diabetes who are taking GLP-1 agonists by describing the impact of GLP-1 agonists; the challenges of GLP-1 agonist use; and the considerations for recommending physical activity to patients using these medications. Physical therapists are well equipped to assist this population of patients by implementing strategies that enhance mobility, alleviate pain, prevent injury, mitigate lean muscle mass loss, and promote metabolic health, while adapting to the evolution of health and function patients experience while on GLP-1 agonist medications. As use of these drugs is expected to expand to other health conditions, there is a pressing need for physical therapists to adapt their practices to support the long-term health goals of their patients and ensure optimal patient outcomes.