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Obesity and its management in primary care setting
Mahmoud Ibrahim1, Ebtesam M Ba-Essa2, Jessica A Alvarez3
1EDC, Centre for Diabetes Education, Charlotte, NC, USA.
Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
|April 30, 2025
Summary
Obesity is a global health crisis impacting all ages. Advances in understanding genetic causes and new pharmacological treatments like GLP-1 receptor agonists offer hope for prevention and management.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Genetics
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Obesity is a worldwide epidemic affecting adults and children across all socioeconomic strata.
- Genetic factors contribute to obesity, with recessive mutations (e.g., leptin deficiency) being critical in severe early-onset cases.
- Obesity is linked to numerous severe health complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver and kidney dysfunction, and cancer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of obesity's genetic underpinnings.
- To highlight the broad spectrum of obesity-related health complications.
- To discuss evolving prevention and treatment strategies, including pharmacological advancements and the role of primary care.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic causes of obesity.
- Analysis of the impact of obesity on various organ systems and diseases.
- Examination of current and emerging therapeutic interventions for obesity management.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in identifying genetic contributors to obesity.
- Recognition of severe obesity in children potentially linked to recessive mutations.
- Emerging pharmacological options, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), show high efficacy in weight loss.
- Established role of lifestyle changes, bariatric surgery, and the importance of primary care in obesity management.
Conclusions:
- Genetic insights are advancing obesity research, particularly for severe childhood obesity.
- Pharmacological therapies, including GLP-1RAs, represent a significant advancement in obesity treatment.
- Comprehensive strategies involving prevention, lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and specialist care are essential for combating the obesity epidemic.
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