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Heat transfer pathways between fetal lamb and ewe.

R D Gilbert, H Schröder, T Kawamura

    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Fetal heat transfer primarily occurs via the placenta (84.5%), with a smaller portion (15.5%) exiting through fetal skin. This study quantifies these heat exchange pathways in fetal lambs.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Thermoregulation
    • Fetal Development

    Background:

    • Fetal heat is transferred to the mother through the placenta or fetal skin.
    • Understanding these pathways is crucial for fetal well-being.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the heat transfer fractions through the placenta and fetal skin.
    • To estimate heat conductances of different maternal-fetal exchange routes.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized thermistors in fetal aorta, amniotic fluid, and maternal artery.
    • Injected ice-cold saline into amniotic fluid to measure temperature changes.
    • Repeated experiments after umbilical cord occlusion to isolate placental heat exchange.

    Main Results:

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  • Fetal heat production averaged 3.75 W/kg.
  • Heat conductance was highest for the placenta (25.7 W/°C), followed by fetal skin (10.2 W/°C) and uterine wall (6.6 W/°C).
  • Estimated 84.5% of fetal heat transfers via the placenta, and 15.5% via the skin.

    • Conclusions:

    • The placenta is the dominant route for fetal heat dissipation.
    • Fetal skin plays a minor role in heat transfer to the amniotic fluid and uterine wall.