Microplastic transport dynamics and the path forward with magnetic nanoparticle based solutions

Microplastics (MPs) have been found widely in aquatic systems and recognized as harmful pollutants for both human health and the environment. As a consequence, it has become essential to find solutions to resolve this issue. This study summarizes the extensive distribution of MPs across various aquatic environments. This paper highlights different types of magnetic nanoparticle and their efficiencies, retention time, kinetics or isotherms models and mechanisms of removal for different types of pollutants as well as MPs. Moreover, this study offers an extensive exploration of the interactions between magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and MPs, exploring the inherent mechanism of aggregation in detail. Furthermore, it highlights the recent developments in understanding the effectiveness of MNPs in removing MPs, demonstrating recent advancements in this area of research. It assesses the working principles, benefits, and drawbacks of various synthesis methods for nanoparticle formation, which have high potential for the remediation of MPs. Additionally, this work provides the potential future directions for further research. This comprehensive study uncovers key factors that could be significantly helpful in the development of remediation techniques that are more sustainable and effective.