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Inpatient burden of COVID-19 in Japan: A retrospective cohort study

Kathleen M Andersen1, Matthew A Brouillette1, Kanae Togo2

  • 1Pfizer Inc., 66 Hudson Boulevard East, New York, NY, 10001, United States.

Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy : Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
|April 30, 2025
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 hospitalizations in Japan show a greater burden than influenza, with longer stays, more intensive care unit admissions, and higher mortality. Continued prevention and treatment are crucial to mitigate severe COVID-19 disease.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Changing COVID-19 dynamics and vaccine access in Japan necessitate updated data on severe disease burden.
  • This study analyzes inpatient healthcare resource utilization for COVID-19 in Japan, comparing it with influenza.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the inpatient healthcare resource utilization of COVID-19 in Japan.
  • To contextualize the burden of severe COVID-19 disease by comparing it with influenza.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 and influenza cases from a large Japanese hospital database (Medical Data Vision).
  • Data collection spanned April 2020–January 2024 for COVID-19 and November 2017–October 2019 for influenza.
  • Key outcomes included length of stay, ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and inpatient mortality, stratified by age and time.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients were older (median 80 vs 64 years) and had significantly longer hospital stays (21 vs 5 days) compared to influenza patients.
  • Higher proportions of COVID-19 patients required ICU admission (3% vs 1%), IMV (6% vs 3%), and experienced in-hospital mortality (12% vs 3%).
  • COVID-19's inpatient burden exceeded influenza's for both adult and pediatric populations, with recent data (May 2023–January 2024) showing a disproportionately higher burden.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 imposes a substantial inpatient healthcare burden in Japan, exceeding that of influenza across key metrics.
  • Findings highlight the ongoing need for robust COVID-19 prevention strategies and effective treatments to reduce severe disease outcomes.
Abstract

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