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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Imaging CD19+ B Cells in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mouse Model using Positron Emission Tomography
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Approaches to Imaging Immune Activation Using PET.

Ashwin Singh Parihar1, Niharika Pant2, Pedram Heidari3

  • 1Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|April 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Positron emission tomography (PET) aids in imaging immune activation, especially in cancer. Newer PET agents offer improved specificity over 18F-FDG for precise immune monitoring in research and clinical settings.

Keywords:
FDGPETimmune-related adverse eventsimmunotherapytumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) is crucial for evaluating immune activation, particularly in cancer treatment.
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET is a standard tool for assessing responses to immunotherapy and identifying immune-related adverse events.
  • Limited specificity of 18F-FDG necessitates the development of more targeted imaging agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of PET in imaging immune activation.
  • To highlight the utility of 18F-FDG in immunotherapy assessment.
  • To discuss the potential of novel immune-specific PET radiopharmaceuticals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PET imaging in immune activation.
  • Analysis of 18F-FDG PET applications in oncology and immunotherapy.
  • Exploration of emerging PET radiopharmaceuticals targeting immune cells.

Main Results:

  • 18F-FDG PET demonstrates unique response patterns and adverse events in immunotherapy.
  • Newer PET radiopharmaceuticals offer enhanced specificity for immune components.
  • Immune-specific PET agents provide more precise monitoring capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • PET imaging, especially with novel radiopharmaceuticals, is vital for immune monitoring in oncology.
  • Development of immune-specific PET agents promises to advance clinical and research applications.
  • Targeted PET tracers can improve the precision of evaluating immune responses and related toxicities.