Development of a Decellularized Urinary Bladder Matrix and Heparin-Based Cryogel for Promoting Angiogenesis

Decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)-based scaffolds have demonstrated potential in promoting cellular migration and tissue regeneration. In this study, dECM-based cryogel scaffolds are developed with sustained vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release properties to enhance angiogenesis in ischemic tissues. VEGF plays a critical role in angiogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation and migration, but its therapeutic delivery remains challenging due to the need for precise dosing to avoid adverse effects. Cryogels, with their microporous structure, elasticity, and shape-recovery characteristics, offer an ideal platform for controlled VEGF delivery. Using decellularized porcine urinary bladder matrix extracellular matrix (dECM) and heparin, a VEGF-releasing cryogel scaffold is fabricated. The resulting dECM/heparin cryogel is a biocompatible scaffold capable of binding VEGF and releasing it over an extended period. This platform demonstrates significant angiogenic potential both in vitro and in a murine hindlimb ischemia model, highlighting its promise for therapeutic applications in tissue regeneration.