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Pacific hotspots reveal a Louisville-Ontong Java Nui tectonic link.

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New research reveals Samoa and Rurutu-Arago hotspots are over 100 million years old, resolving the Ontong Java Nui Plateau

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Geochemistry
  • Geochronology

Background:

  • Volcanic hotspots form age-progressive tracks due to mantle plumes and plate motion.
  • The Ontong Java Nui Plateau (OJP-Nui), a massive igneous province, lacks a clear volcanic track.
  • Previous models struggle to link the Louisville hotspot to OJP-Nui due to limited early Pacific plate motion data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize long-lived Pacific hotspots.
  • To refine Pacific absolute plate motion models.
  • To resolve the origin of the Ontong Java Nui Plateau.

Main Methods:

  • Geochemical analysis of volcanic rocks.
  • Radiometric dating (geochronology) of Pacific seamounts.
  • Paleomagnetic analysis to determine past plate positions.

Main Results:

  • Samoa and Rurutu-Arago hotspots are identified as the longest-lived in the Pacific, dating back over 100 million years.
  • These hotspot tracks provide new constraints on Pacific plate rotation between 80 and 100 million years ago.
  • The Louisville volcanic track can now be linked to the OJP-Nui without invoking significant plume motion.

Conclusions:

  • The study revises our understanding of Pacific plate tectonics and hotspot evolution.
  • It provides a coherent model for the formation of the Ontong Java Nui Plateau.
  • The findings highlight the importance of ancient, subducted hotspot tracks in reconstructing plate history.