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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Updated: May 13, 2025

Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction.

U Manzoor1, L Mujica Roncery2, D Raabe1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Nature
|April 30, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new hydrogen-plasma method efficiently extracts nickel from laterites, significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions and energy use. This sustainable process supports the growing demand for nickel in renewable energy technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Metallurgical Engineering
  • Sustainable Energy Materials
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Nickel is essential for sustainable energy technologies, with demand projected to surpass 6 million tons annually by 2040.
  • Current nickel production methods are carbon-intensive, emitting approximately 20 tons of CO2 per ton of nickel.
  • Extracting nickel from low-grade laterite ores presents significant challenges for sustainable production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, sustainable method for extracting nickel from laterite ores.
  • To reduce the environmental impact of nickel production, specifically CO2 emissions and energy consumption.
  • To streamline the nickel extraction process by integrating multiple metallurgical steps.

Main Methods:

  • A fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction technique was employed for nickel extraction.
  • Calcination, smelting, reduction, and refining were combined into a single-step metallurgical process within one furnace.
  • Thermodynamic control of the furnace atmosphere was utilized for selective nickel reduction.

Main Results:

  • High-grade ferronickel alloys were produced with fast reduction kinetics.
  • The process yielded alloys with minimal impurities (<0.04% silicon, ~0.01% phosphorus, <0.09% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining.
  • The method demonstrated potential for up to 18% greater energy efficiency and an 84% reduction in direct CO2 emissions compared to conventional practices.

Conclusions:

  • The hydrogen-plasma reduction method offers a sustainable pathway for nickel extraction from laterites.
  • This innovative approach addresses the environmental concerns associated with nickel production, balancing its critical role in sustainable energy.
  • The integrated, single-step process significantly improves efficiency and drastically cuts carbon emissions, paving the way for greener nickel supply chains.