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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:26

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Quantifying Ionic Liquid Affinity and Its Effect on Phospholipid Membrane Structure and Dynamics.

Veerendra K Sharma1,2, Jyoti Gupta1,2, Harish Srinivasan1,2

  • 1Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ionic liquids (ILs) disrupt lipid membranes, increasing fluidity and toxicity. Longer alkyl chains on ILs cause more significant membrane disorder and enhanced lipid diffusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomembrane science
  • Physical chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Understanding ionic liquid (IL) interactions with biomembranes is crucial for pharmaceutical applications and explaining IL-induced biological effects.
  • Imidazolium-based ILs are widely studied for their potential in various applications, necessitating a clear understanding of their membrane interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how imidazolium-based ILs with varying alkyl chain lengths affect the viscoelasticity, dynamics, and phase behavior of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) model membranes.
  • To elucidate the role of IL alkyl chain length in modulating membrane properties and lipid diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized model membrane systems: lipid monolayers and unilamellar vesicles composed of DPPC.
  • Employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) to analyze membrane structure and dynamics.
  • Performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to complement experimental findings and provide molecular-level insights.

Main Results:

  • Both 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DMIM[Br]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (HMIM[Br]) induced membrane disorder, altering area per lipid and viscoelastic properties.
  • Longer alkyl chains on ILs led to stronger membrane interactions, increased disorder, lower phase transition temperatures, and more gauche defects.
  • ILs significantly enhanced lipid lateral diffusion, with the effect being more pronounced in ordered membrane phases, at higher IL concentrations, and with longer IL alkyl chains.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquids, particularly those with longer alkyl chains, disrupt lipid membrane organization, increasing fluidity and permeability.
  • The enhanced membrane fluidity and permeability correlate with increased IL toxicity, providing a mechanistic link.
  • These findings offer critical insights into IL-biomembrane interactions, informing their toxicological profiles and pharmaceutical development.