Thyroid Gland Disorders and Physical Activity: Can They Affect Each Other?

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Exercise Physiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Physical activity (PA) is integral to emotional well-being, quality of life, and social connections.
• Thyroid dysfunction can substantially impair an individual's capacity to engage in physical activity.
• Understanding the interplay between thyroid health and PA is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the existing literature on the relationship between thyroid disorders and physical activity.
• To synthesize findings regarding the effects of thyroid dysfunction on exercise performance in various models.
• To explore the role of PA as an intervention for conditions associated with thyroid disorders.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review of 24 international scientific studies.
• Inclusion of research on both human and animal models.
• Consideration of studies with and without thyroidectomy.

Main Results:

• Thyroid disorders are linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and psychiatric conditions.
• Physical activity demonstrates benefits for managing these associated health issues.
• Thyroid dysfunction presents a complex challenge to PA engagement.

Conclusions:

• Thyroid disorders significantly influence physical activity levels and capabilities.
• Physical activity is a beneficial intervention for managing comorbidities of thyroid dysfunction.
• Further research is necessary to define optimal PA guidelines for individuals with thyroid conditions, pre- and post-thyroidectomy.