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Arterial thrombosis and embolism in malignancy.

P V Pathanjali Sharma, S C Babu, P M Shah

The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

|September 1, 1985

Summary

Malignancy can cause unexplained arterial thromboembolism in about 10% of patients. Investigating hypercoagulability in cancer patients and thromboembolism patients for malignancy is crucial for prevention.

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Area of Science:

Vascular Medicine
Oncology
Hematology

Background:

Arterial embolism and thrombosis sources are identified in over 90% of patients.
Approximately 10% of cases lack demonstrable cardiac or intra-arterial sources.
Malignancy-induced hypercoagulability is a rare but potential cause of unexplained thrombosis.

Observation:

Seven patients with unequivocal arterial thromboembolism and malignancy were studied.
Two clinical patterns emerged: in situ thrombosis of small arteries and large artery occlusion.
Large artery occlusion led to limb ischemia or fatal organ infarction.

Findings:

Mechanisms include arterial spasm, cryoglobulin precipitation, tumor invasion, embolization of metastases, and hypercoagulability.
Hypercoagulable states show shortened clotting times and resistance to anticoagulation.

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Specific indicators include elevated coagulation factors and platelets.

Implications:

Patients with unexplained arterial thromboembolic events require investigation for malignancy.
Malignancy patients should be screened for hypercoagulability to prevent thromboembolic complications.
Early detection and intervention can mitigate severe vascular outcomes in cancer patients.