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Related Concept Videos

Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Drug Biotransformation: Overview01:16

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Pharmaceutical substances known as xenobiotics are predominantly lipophilic and nonionized. This enables them to permeate lipid bilayers, such as cell membranes, and interact with intracellular target receptors. Lipophilic drugs have an advantage in crossing biological barriers and reaching their intended sites of action. However, lipophilic drugs often have a restricted capacity for renal expulsion or elimination from the body. When these drugs enter the kidneys and undergo glomerular...
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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

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Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

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Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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Drug development for chronic hepatitis B functional cure: Recent progress.

Ting Liu1, He Wang1, Yue Zhao2

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China.

World Journal of Hepatology
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New hepatitis B treatments aim for a functional cure by clearing HBsAg and suppressing HBV DNA. This review explores direct-acting antivirals and immunotherapies to enhance treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
Chronic hepatitis B infectionImmunomodulatorsMonoclonal antibodyRNA interferenceTherapeutic targets

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Virology
  • Immunology and Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection impacts 254 million globally, causing liver failure and cirrhosis.
  • Current treatments like nucleos(t)ide analogues suppress HBV replication but poorly reduce HBsAg.
  • Interferon-alpha has limited use due to safety and adverse reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel therapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis B, aiming for a functional cure.
  • To discuss advancements in direct-acting antivirals and immunomodulatory therapies.
  • To emphasize combination strategies for improving functional cure rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in direct-acting therapeutic strategies.
  • Discussion of novel agents targeting HBV, including entry inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies.
  • Exploration of immunomodulatory therapies like TLR-7/8 agonists, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccines.

Main Results:

  • Limited efficacy of current antivirals in reducing HBsAg.
  • Challenges with interferon-alpha's safety and tolerability.
  • Emerging direct-acting and immunomodulatory therapies show promise for functional cure.

Conclusions:

  • Functional cure (HBsAg serological clearance and sustained HBV DNA suppression) is the treatment goal.
  • Novel direct-acting agents and immunotherapies are advancing chronic hepatitis B treatment.
  • Rational combination strategies are crucial for increasing functional cure rates in HBV infection.