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Influence of gut microbiota and immune markers in different stages of colorectal adenomas.

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Gut bacteria composition changes with colorectal adenoma (CRA) progression. Beneficial bacteria like Anaerostipes and Blautia may protect against CRA, suggesting dietary interventions could improve colorectal health.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiome Research
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Colorectal adenomas (CRA) are precancerous lesions that can lead to colorectal cancer (CRC).
  • Early detection of CRA is crucial for CRC prevention.
  • The relationship between gut microbiota and CRA development is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gut microbiome composition and the expression of PD-L1, IL-6, and IFN-γ in different stages of colorectal adenomas.
  • To identify specific microbial taxa correlated with CRA progression and immune markers.

Main Methods:

  • Categorized participants into normal, non-advanced adenoma (NAA), and advanced adenoma (AA) groups.
  • Analyzed PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.
  • Measured serum IL-6 and IFN-γ via ELISA.
  • Examined gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and performed correlation analyses.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gut microbiota composition were observed between groups, particularly within Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla.
  • Specific bacteria like *Solobacterium* were enriched in adenoma groups, while *Anaerostipes* and *Blautia* were more abundant in normal individuals.
  • PD-L1 protein levels increased with CRA advancement, and certain bacteria showed correlations with IFN-γ and IL-6 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota composition dynamically changes during CRA progression, influencing inflammatory cytokines and PD-L1 expression.
  • The presence of beneficial bacteria like *Anaerostipes* and *Blautia* may play a protective role against adenoma development.
  • Dietary interventions aimed at promoting beneficial gut bacteria represent a potential strategy for improving colorectal health.