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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

898

Game changing mutation.

Omer Edhan1, Ziv Hellman2

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Mutation introduces new alleles, altering evolutionary games and driving populations to new, fitter equilibria. This model explores fitness valley crossing and evolutionary contingency in sexually reproducing populations.

Keywords:
game theorygradientmutationpotential games

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Game theory
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Reproductive dynamics in haploid populations are influenced by genetic mutations.
  • Evolutionary processes can be conceptualized using game theory frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the impact of mutation on haploid sexually reproducing populations.
  • To analyze how mutations change evolutionary games and population equilibria.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling reproductive dynamics as a common interests game with alleles as actions.
  • Representing evolution by mutation as a path through a graph of games.
  • Analyzing the conditions under which mutations alter Nash equilibria.

Main Results:

  • Without mutations, populations deterministically converge to a pure Nash equilibrium.
  • Mutations introduce new alleles, effectively changing the game and potentially removing the existing equilibrium.
  • Game-changing mutations can become Nash equilibrium-changing mutations, leading populations to new, higher-fitness equilibria.

Conclusions:

  • Mutation acts as a mechanism for game alteration in evolutionary dynamics.
  • This game-theoretic model provides insights into fitness valley crossing and evolutionary contingency.
  • The framework offers a novel perspective on the interplay between mutation, game theory, and evolutionary trajectories.