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Correlates of Uptake of Routine Immunization amongst Under-Five Children: Comparison of Nomadic and Non-nomadic
Dauda Abdulhamid1, Usman Muhammad Ibrahim2, Boateng Kofi3
1Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Science, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Insights
Routine immunization uptake remains a challenge for nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani children under five. Key factors influencing uptake include vaccine availability, perceived safety, and healthcare worker interactions, while distance and lack of knowledge pose significant barriers.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Immunization is a critical public health intervention for preventing vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).
- Understanding factors affecting routine immunization uptake is crucial for improving child health outcomes.
- This study focuses on nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani populations in Yobe State, Nigeria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine and compare the correlates of routine immunization uptake in under-five children.
- To identify facilitators and barriers to immunization among nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani communities.
- To inform targeted public health strategies for improving vaccine coverage.
Main Methods:
- A multistage sampling technique was employed to recruit caregivers and under-five children.
- Data collection involved interviewer-administered questionnaires and observation of immunization cards or recall.
- Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a significance level of p≤5%.
Main Results:
- Penta 1 vaccine uptake was significantly lower among nomadic (23.6%) compared to non-nomadic (76.4%) children.
- Facilitators included vaccine availability (aOR=22), understanding vaccination purpose (aOR=1.9), vaccine safety (aOR=17.3), and friendly healthcare workers (aOR=18.8).
- Barriers identified were long distance to facilities (aOR=9.6), lack of knowledge (aOR=2.1), and fear of side effects (aOR=1.6).
Conclusions:
- Vaccine uptake remains a significant issue for both nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children in the study area.
- Improved outreach services are essential for nomadic and hard-to-reach settlements.
- Collaboration between government and stakeholders is needed to enhance immunization strategies.
Background:
Immunization is an important public health intervention that reduces morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This study aimed to determine and compare the correlates of routine immunization uptake among under-five children of nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani in Yobe State, Nigeria.
Methodology:
A multistage sampling technique was used to study the eligible caregivers and under-five children in the selected households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, observation for the child immunization card, or a recall of immunization history. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a statistical significance set at p≤5%.
Results:
The response rate among nomadic and non-nomadic Fulani was (348/348, 100% vs. 345/348, 99%).The Penta 1 uptake based on routine immunization cards among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children was (23.6% vs.76.4% P<0.001).Availability of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 22, 95% confidence interval = 13.7-35.5), the purpose of vaccination (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.4), vaccines safety (adjusted odds ratio = 17.3, 95% confidence interval = 10.0-29.8), and friendly healthcare workers (adjusted odds ratio = 18.8, 95% confidence interval = 11.3-31.3) were found to be independent predictors facilitating uptake of routine immunization among nomadic and non-nomadic under-five children, while long distance to the health facility (adjusted odds ratio = 9.6, 95% confidence interval = 6.6-14.0), lack of knowledge on immunization (adjusted odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval = 1.4-2.9), fear of side effect (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.5), were independent barriers to uptake of routine immunization among nomad and non-nomadic under-five children.
Conclusion:
Vaccine uptake is still a problem among nomads and non-nomadic under-five children. The government and relevant stakeholders should ensure a strategy for improved outreach services to all the nomads and hard-to-reach settlements.
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