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From Gaze to Game: A Systematic Review of Eye-Tracking Applications in Basketball
Michela Alemanno1, Ilaria Di Pompeo1, Martina Marcaccio1
1Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
Brain Sciences
|May 1, 2025
Summary
Eye tracking reveals expert basketball players use superior visual strategies for better performance. This technology offers insights into decision-making for players, referees, and coaches, enhancing training methods.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human Movement
Background:
- Eye-tracking technology is increasingly utilized in sports science for analyzing visual attention, decision-making, and motor planning.
- Its application in basketball offers insights into cognitive and perceptual strategies of players, referees, and coaches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the application of eye-tracking technology in basketball.
- To highlight its role in analyzing visual search and cognitive strategies within the sport.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines.
- Studies published up to December 2024 were included, focusing on eye-tracking in basketball players, referees, and coaches.
- 19 studies were selected from 1706 initially screened articles.
Main Results:
- Expert basketball players demonstrate longer quiet eye (QE) durations and more efficient gaze behaviors than novices.
- Skilled players maintain stable QE in high-pressure situations, improving shot accuracy.
- Referees utilize efficient gaze strategies, while less experienced ones may miss crucial visual cues.
- Guided gaze techniques enhance tactical understanding in novice players but show limited impact on experienced athletes.
Conclusions:
- Eye tracking is a potent tool for understanding cognitive and behavioral functions in basketball.
- Findings provide valuable insights for performance enhancement and developing targeted training strategies.
- Future research should focus on real-game applications with mobile eye trackers and AI integration.
