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Related Concept Videos

Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

11.4K
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
11.4K
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

14.1K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
14.1K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

11.9K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
11.9K
Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes02:30

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

12.2K
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
12.2K
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

1.0K
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
1.0K
Cycloalkanes02:28

Cycloalkanes

11.8K
Cycloalkanes are saturated cyclic hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in the form of rings. They have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding acyclic alkane; therefore, their general formula is CnH2n. The structural formulas of cycloalkanes are simplified using the line-angle representation. The regular polygons are used to represent the cycloalkane rings, with each side representing a carbon-carbon bond.
The IUPAC nomenclature of cycloalkanes follows similar rules that apply to...
11.8K

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Updated: May 9, 2025

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

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Ultrafast dynamic compression of cyclohexane.

Ashutosh Mohan1,2, Ajay K Mishra1,2, S Chaurasia3

  • 1High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ultrafast compression reveals new high-pressure phases of cyclohexane, a key hydrocarbon for energetic materials. This study maps cyclohexane

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Cyclohexane is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon with potential applications in energetic materials.
  • Understanding cyclohexane's phase diagram under extreme conditions is crucial for its application.
  • Previous studies on cyclohexane phase transitions were limited to millisecond timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cyclohexane phase transitions under ultrafast dynamic compression.
  • To compare dynamic compression results with static compression data.
  • To provide insights into the stability of high-pressure phases of cyclohexane.

Main Methods:

  • Laser-driven shock compression to achieve nanosecond timescale dynamic compression.
  • In situ time-resolved Raman spectroscopy to monitor phase evolution.
  • Static compression experiments up to 27 GPa.

Main Results:

  • Observed crystallization to solid-I (cubic) phase around 0.8 GPa.
  • Identified solid-I → solid-III (orthorhombic) transition between 1.1-1.7 GPa.
  • Detected transitions to solid-IV (monoclinic) and solid-V (triclinic) phases at 2.7-4.0 GPa and 4.0-5.8 GPa, respectively.
  • Static compression results corroborated the observed phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclohexane exhibits distinct phase transitions under ultrafast dynamic compression.
  • The findings provide critical data on high-pressure phase stability of cyclohexane.
  • Cyclohexane serves as a benchmark for studying phase transition dynamics in molecular systems.