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Advancing Pediatric Surgery with Indocyanine Green (ICG) Fluorescence Imaging: A Comprehensive Review

Marco Di Mitri1, Annalisa Di Carmine1, Benedetta Zen1

  • 1Pediatric Surgery Department, IRCCS Sant'Orsola Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging enhances pediatric surgery precision and safety. This review explores ICG applications, dosing, and timing to establish best practices for improved surgical outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has significantly advanced pediatric surgery.
  • ICG improves precision, safety, and outcomes by illuminating anatomical structures and pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review ICG applications in pediatric surgery.
  • To report on ICG dosing, administration timing, and integration with surgical technologies.
  • To establish best practices for maximizing ICG utility in pediatric procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched for "Indocyanine green" in pediatric patient studies (0-18 years) from January 2014 to July 2024.

Main Results:

  • ICG demonstrates an excellent safety profile in pediatric surgery.
  • Real-time visualization of anatomy and pathology is enabled by ICG.
  • ICG is particularly valuable in pediatric cases with small dimensions and congenital anomalies.

Conclusions:

  • ICG fluorescence imaging is essential for improving pediatric surgical outcomes and patient safety.
  • Standardization of ICG dosing and timing protocols is needed.
  • This review provides a foundation for optimizing ICG use in pediatric surgery.
Abstract

Keywords:
ICGindocyanine green fluorescencelaparoscopyminimally invasive surgerypediatric surgeryrobotic surgery

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