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Praise addiction in children.

Eddie Brummelman1, Stathis Grapsas2, Reinout W Wiers3

  • 1Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam.

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|May 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Praise addiction in children involves excessive reliance on external validation. This study shows it differs from narcissism and is linked to lower self-esteem and specific parenting styles.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Praise seeking is normal for children, but some may develop an addiction characterized by constant seeking and distress when praise is absent.
  • While theorized to be linked to narcissism, empirical research on praise addiction in children is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenotype, socialization, and manifestations of praise addiction in a nonclinical sample of children.
  • To differentiate praise addiction from narcissism.
  • To validate that children with high praise addiction may vigorously pursue praise.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-informant survey and experimental study involving 221 children (ages 7-13) and their parents.
  • Development of a parent-report measure for praise addiction based on substance use disorder criteria.
  • Measurement of children's praise cravings and adaptation of a drug self-administration paradigm to assess praise-seeking efforts.

Main Results:

  • Children higher in praise addiction exhibited lower self-esteem, heightened reward sensitivity, and experienced higher parental overvaluation with lower parental warmth.
  • These children exerted greater effort to obtain praise, even when the required effort increased.
  • Children higher in narcissism showed elevated praise cravings but not lower self-esteem or increased effort in the adapted paradigm, highlighting distinct characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Praise addiction is a distinct phenomenon from narcissism in children.
  • Individual differences in praise addiction exist, with specific links to self-esteem, reward sensitivity, and parenting factors.
  • Children with high praise addiction demonstrate a vigorous pursuit of praise, differentiating them from narcissistic traits.