Nosological problems of myoclonic epilepsies in childhood and adolescence

An attempt is made to clarify the confusion over the classification of the myoclonic epilepsies of childhood. Six types of seizure are described, the classification being based on clinical and electroencephalographic findings. The types of myoclonic epilepsy are infantile spasms, myoclonic astatic epilepsy, myoclonic absence, myoclonic epilepsy of childhood, myoclonic epilepsy of adolescence and photomyoclonic epilepsy, the last being subdivided into myoclonic jerks and eyelid myoclonia. Synonyms are given for all types, based on the major papers in the literature over the last 16 years. The similarity of infantile spasms and myoclonic astatic epilepsy is discussed, as are the so-called 'Lennox' and 'Lennox-Gastaut' syndromes.