Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

Introduction
Analogous to alkenes, alkynes also undergo acid-catalyzed hydration. While the addition of water to an alkene gives an alcohol, hydration of alkynes produces different products such as aldehydes and ketones.

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

Inductive Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

The protons in unsubstituted alkanes are strongly shielded with chemical shifts below 1.8 ppm. Methine, methylene, and methyl protons appear at approximately 1.7, 1.2 and 0.7 ppm, while the proton signal from methane appears at 0.23 ppm. An electronegative substituent, such as chlorine, withdraws the electron density from the protons, increasing their chemical shift. Progressive substitution of the hydrogens in methane by chlorine shifts the proton signals increasingly downfield, to 3.05 ppm in...

Radical Halogenation: Thermodynamics

Radical Halogenation: Thermodynamics

The thermodynamic favorability of a reaction is determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG). ΔG has two components- enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). The entropy component is negligible for alkane halogenation because the number of reactants and product molecules are equal. In this case, the ΔG is governed only by the enthalpy component. The most crucial factor that determines ΔH is the strength of the bonds. ΔH can be determined by comparing the energy...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Concentration-transferable deep potential molecular dynamics: unraveling component-structure-transport in molten LiF-BeF<sub>2</sub>-EuF<sub>2</sub>.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

Synthesis of hydroxo-bridged Dy(III) dimers supported by crown ethers through C-H activation and oxygen-atom transfer of Me<sub>3</sub>NO.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Same author

Unraveling Ionic Conductivity Mechanisms in BeF<sub>2</sub>-NdF<sub>3</sub> Molten Salts via First-Principles Molecular Dynamics.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026

Same author

Matrix infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study on the Pt(SF<sub>4</sub>) and PtF<sub>2</sub>SF<sub>2</sub> complexes with multiple Pt-S bonding characters.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

Atomic-Scale Europium Solute Landscape Governs the Local Structure and Transport Properties of the Molten FLiBe Salt.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026

Same author

Synthesis of crown ether-capped highly symmetrical fluoride-centered lanthanide clusters [Ln<sub>6</sub>F<sub>13</sub>(12-crown-4)<sub>6</sub>]I<sub>3</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (Ln = Ho, Er).

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026

Same journal

Serine Octamer Substitution Reactions With α-Hydroxy Acids.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026

Same journal

Cryogen-Aided Chromatographic Purification of Millimole Quantities of Methane for Spectroscopic Clumped Isotope Analysis.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026

Same journal

Reaffirming the Consistency of the Original Stock of NBS 19 Limestone and Its Byproduct With Finer Grain Size for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O Calibrations-Both Distributed Internationally.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026

Same journal

Three New Calcium Formate Reference Materials for δ<sup>13</sup>C Measurements and a Redetermination of the R(<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C) Ratio for VPDB Based on Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026

Same journal

Correction to "Zinc/Silver-Based Hydrogen Sulfide Trapping as an Alternative to Cadmium for Sulfur Stable Isotope Analysis".

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026

Same journal

The Possibility of X-Type Ions With Linear Saturated Non-Reducing Termini Dissociated From Potasiated Saikosaponins.

Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

Water Activation by Methyllanthanides: Hydrogen Versus Methane Evolution.

Songpeng Wan^1,2, Yu Gong¹, Xiuting Chen¹

¹National Key Laboratory of Thorium Energy, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM

|May 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Lanthanide hydrocarbyl complexes show varied reactivity with water, influenced by metal center and oxidation state. Lanthanide (II) complexes are more reactive than lanthanide (III) complexes, with specific reactivity trends observed for Sm, Eu, and Yb.

Keywords:

collision‐induced dissociation gas phase methyllanthanide (II/III)oxidation state water activation

More Related Videos

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

Visualizing Methane-Cycling Microbial Dynamics in Coastal Wetlands

Visualizing Methane-Cycling Microbial Dynamics in Coastal Wetlands

Published on: January 31, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Protocol for Measuring the Thermal Properties of a Supercooled Synthetic Sand-water-gas-methane Hydrate Sample

Published on: March 21, 2016

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

Visualizing Methane-Cycling Microbial Dynamics in Coastal Wetlands

Visualizing Methane-Cycling Microbial Dynamics in Coastal Wetlands

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Organometallic Chemistry
Lanthanide Chemistry
Mass Spectrometry
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Lanthanide hydrocarbyl complexes are vital in synthesis and catalysis.
Reactivity is tunable via metal center and oxidation state.
Gas-phase studies using ESI-MS and DFT offer insights into their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the gas-phase reactivity of methyllanthanide chloride complexes with water.
To explore the influence of lanthanide element (Sm, Eu, Yb) and oxidation state on reactivity.
To elucidate reaction mechanisms using ion-molecule reactions and DFT calculations.

Main Methods:

Generation of lanthanide acetate chloride anions via electrospray ionization (ESI).
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) to produce methyllanthanide chloride anions.
Ion-molecule reaction (IMR) experiments to study reactions with water.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to support mechanistic analysis.

Main Results:

Decarboxylation of precursor anions yielded methyllanthanide (III) and (II) chloride complexes.
Methyllanthanide (III) complexes reacted with water, releasing methane.
Methyllanthanide (II) complexes reacted significantly faster with water than (III) counterparts, releasing methane.
Reactivity trends varied between Ln(III) and Ln(II) states and specific lanthanide elements.

Conclusions:

Lanthanide oxidation state strongly dictates reactivity towards water.
Lanthanide (II) complexes exhibit enhanced reactivity compared to (III) complexes.
Specific reactivity patterns observed for Sm, Eu, and Yb highlight the influence of the lanthanide center.