Factors that Contribute to Neonatal Mortality at a Community Hospital

The prevalence of intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) in the United States is 5.74 per 1000 live births. In Maryland, the prevalence is 6.75 per 1000 and occurs nearly twice as frequently in Black than in white populations. At MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center (MFSMC), Electronic Medical Records (EMR) show that IUFDs are 2.5 times greater in Black than white women. This analysis aims to identify factors that contribute to this health disparity.

We performed a retrospective chart review of deliveries at MFSMC between 2018 and 2020. Literature-supported variables were collected for all pregnancies that ended in IUFD. Using logistic regression models, these factors were analyzed to isolate predictors for IUFD and association with race. The same predictors were compared to those of women who delivered live infants during this period.

Without adjustment, the odds of having an IUFD are 2.21 times higher for Black mothers than for white mothers at MFSMC. No other unadjusted odds ratios between comorbid risk factors and the chance of IUFD were significant. After adjusting for diabetes, growth restriction, substance abuse, and hypertension, the odds of having an IUFD are 2.31 times higher for Black than white mothers.

Black mothers experience increased risk for IUFD, after controlling for other pertinent factors. This disparity should be addressed by reducing healthcare provider bias, increasing maternal health services, and providing comprehensive patient education.