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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...

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Into the Groove: Analytical Applications of ATR-FTIR Microstructured Internal Reflection Elements.

Ian J Burgess¹, Tyler A Morhart², Grace T Flaman²

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.

Analytical Chemistry

|May 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microstructured internal reflection elements (μ-IREs) offer a low-cost, high-performance alternative in attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. These advancements are paving the way for innovative label-free diagnostic applications.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Materials Science

Background:

Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a mature analytical technique.
Microstructured internal reflection elements (μ-IREs) are emerging as key components for advanced ATR-FTIR applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent progress and applications of μ-IREs in ATR-FTIR spectroscopy.
To highlight the fabrication and utility of μ-IREs in quantitative spectroscopy and electrochemistry.
To discuss the integration of μ-IREs in microfluidic and other analytical systems.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of μ-IREs using anisotropic etching of silicon wafers.
Application of μ-IREs in quantitative spectroscopy and electrochemistry.
Integration of μ-IREs into microfluidic devices and analytical systems.

Main Results:

μ-IREs offer a low-cost, high-performance alternative to traditional internal reflection elements.
μ-IREs are suitable for both chemical spectroscopy and chemical imaging.
Recent developments enable integration into microscale devices for diverse applications.

Conclusions:

μ-IREs are increasingly important for clinical applications of ATR-FTIR.
Advancements in broadband IR laser sources and microscale integration will drive innovative uses.
μ-IRE-based ATR-FTIR holds significant potential for label-free diagnostic applications.