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Brain dysfunction underlying visual snow syndrome: Insights into therapeutic implications.

Mamoru Shibata1

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Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a condition affecting 2% of the UK population, characterized by persistent visual static. Current treatments are limited, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches for effective symptom management.

Keywords:
Cognitive behavioral treatmentLamotrigineMigraineNeuromodulationPersistent positive visual phenomenonVisual association areaVisual snowVisual snow syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visual snow (VS) presents as dynamic, continuous dots in the visual field for over three months.
  • It is often accompanied by entoptic phenomena, palinopsia, photophobia, and nyctalopia, collectively termed visual snow syndrome (VSS).
  • VSS affects approximately 2% of the UK population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of visual snow syndrome (VSS) pathophysiology and diagnostic challenges.
  • To explore potential therapeutic avenues for VSS symptom management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies to understand VSS disease mechanisms.
  • Analysis of existing literature on VSS symptoms and associated conditions.
  • Examination of reported therapeutic interventions for VSS.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging suggests dysfunction beyond the visual cortex, involving broader visual association areas.
  • No specific diagnostic marker for VSS has been identified, complicating diagnosis.
  • Sporadic therapeutic successes have been noted with lamotrigine and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Conclusions:

  • VSS pathophysiology involves complex, widespread neurological abnormalities.
  • Effective VSS management likely requires a multidisciplinary approach due to its intricate nature.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive diagnostic markers and effective treatments for VSS.