A systematic review of post-harvest rice fortification: Technologies, sensory characteristics, consumer acceptance,...

Fortifying rice with micronutrients is an effective strategy for addressing nutritional imbalances in post-harvest rice. This article systematically reviews technologies currently available for fortifying rice with vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients. Fortification parameters, retention, stability, sensory perception, bioavailability of nutrients, and cost elements were covered. The effects of the fortified rice on cognitive and physiological outcomes were elaborated. Some nutrients are more stable in extruded rice. Coated kernels are endowed with distinctive colors and flavors that some consumers dislike. Dusted kernels loosen the micronutrient-premix on surface with rinsing. Ultrasonically fortified rice is suitable for long-term preservation. Compared with the parboiling method, high-pressure processing provides shorter processing time and closer grain shape. A combination of multiple methods has a better fortification effect. This review provides further information in understanding the effects of diverse fortification procedures, facilitating to promote their utilization and innovation in rice fortification.