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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

In Vitro Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Assays of Nucleosomal Histones
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Protein Ubiquitination Modification in Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Jinping Shen1,2, Yuling Jiang1, Wenxia Bu1

  • 1Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China.

Comprehensive Physiology
|May 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Protein ubiquitination impacts pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and its systemic effects. Targeting ubiquitination pathways offers potential new treatments for this progressive lung disease and related organ damage.

Keywords:
deubiquitinating enzymesinterorgan communicationposttranslational modificationspulmonary fibrosistherapeutic strategiesubiquitin ligases

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Profiling Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Dependent Post-translational Modifications and Identification of Significant Alterations
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary medicine
  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive lung disease with high mortality.
  • PF involves inflammation, fibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix deposition.
  • Interorgan communication significantly influences PF progression and systemic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of protein ubiquitination in PF.
  • To explore how E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) affect PF.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting ubiquitination in PF.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on protein ubiquitination and PF.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways modulated by ubiquitination in PF.
  • Summary of current therapeutic compounds targeting ubiquitination.

Main Results:

  • Ubiquitination regulates key signaling pathways (TGF-β, Wnt, etc.) in PF.
  • Ubiquitin-proteasome system influences interorgan communication in PF.
  • Various enzymes and substrates are involved in PF ubiquitination.

Conclusions:

  • Protein ubiquitination is a critical factor in PF pathogenesis and systemic effects.
  • Targeting ubiquitination enzymes and substrates may offer novel therapeutic avenues for PF.
  • Understanding ubiquitination-interorgan communication is key for future PF treatments.