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Updated: May 13, 2025

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices
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3D-Printed Scaffolds for Ear Reconstruction Using Decellularized Human Cartilage-Derived Bioink and Polycaprolactone.

Jung Hwan Um1,2,3, Ji Hwan Park4, Tae Ho Kim1,2,3

  • 1Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu 03722, Republic of Korea.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
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This study presents 3D-printed ear cartilage scaffolds using decellularized human cartilage bioink and PCL. These innovative scaffolds promote tissue regeneration and vascularization, offering a promising solution for auricular reconstruction.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Ear cartilage reconstruction is difficult due to limited vascularity and regeneration.
  • Current methods using autologous cartilage or synthetic materials have drawbacks like donor site morbidity and poor biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate 3D-printed scaffolds using decellularized human cartilage-derived bioink and polycaprolactone (PCL) for auricular reconstruction.
  • To assess the biocompatibility, tissue regeneration, and mechanical stability of these novel scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Decellularization of human cartilage to create a bioink, preserving key extracellular matrix components.
  • Formulation of a bioink with decellularized cartilage particles in hyaluronic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose gels for 3D printing.
Keywords:
3D printingbioinkear reconstructionhuman cartilagemicrotiapolycaprolactonescaffold

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  • Fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds combining the bioink with PCL.
  • In vitro testing for cytotoxicity and stem cell differentiation.
  • In vivo evaluation in rabbit models over one year, assessing structural integrity, neovascularization, and chondrogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Decellularization preserved glycosaminoglycan and collagen content.
    • The bioink showed no cytotoxicity and supported human adipose-derived stem cell migration and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro.
    • 3D-printed scaffolds maintained structural integrity for one year in vivo.
    • Significant neovascularization and chondrogenesis were observed, with increased vascularization correlating with higher decellularized cartilage content and specific porosities.

    Conclusions:

    • 3D-printed scaffolds combining decellularized human cartilage bioink and PCL are a viable and promising approach for auricular reconstruction.
    • These scaffolds enhance tissue regeneration, vascularization, and mechanical stability, potentially improving outcomes for patients with conditions like microtia.