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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Circulating microRNAs associated with immune competence in Angus cattle.

Annaleise Wilson¹, Ryan J Farr¹, Brad C Hine²

¹CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Animal Science

|May 2, 2025

Summary

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in Australian Angus steers are linked to immune competence (IC). A specific 5-miRNA signature accurately predicts high IC, suggesting miRNAs could forecast vaccine responses in livestock.

Keywords:

biomarker cattle disease immune competence microRNA vaccine

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Immunology
Livestock Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Immune competence (IC) is crucial for livestock health and disease resistance.
Selective breeding for IC traits aims to improve disease combatting abilities.
Host-encoded circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as regulators of immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between circulating miRNAs and immune responses to vaccination in Australian Angus steers.
To identify potential miRNA biomarkers for immune competence (IC) in livestock.
To explore the role of miRNAs in vaccine-induced immunity.

Main Methods:

Phenotyping of immune competence (IC) based on antibody (Ab-IR) and cell-mediated (Cell-IR) responses in 332 Angus steers.
Selection of steers with high or low immune responses for miRNA analysis (n=47).
Analysis of circulating miRNA profiles using linear and logistic regression, and machine learning classification models.

Main Results:

Circulating miRNA profiles differed between steers with varying immune competence (IC) phenotypes.
Pre-vaccination miR-150 levels showed a potential association with IC scores and differentiated high/low IC steers.
A 5-miRNA signature (miR-192, miR-150, miR-2285co, miR-155, let-7a-5p) accurately classified high IC steers (94% accuracy).

Conclusions:

Circulating miRNAs are associated with immune competence in livestock.
Specific miRNAs, notably miR-150, may serve as predictive biomarkers for immune response to vaccination.
These findings highlight the potential of miRNAs for understanding and enhancing vaccine efficacy in cattle.