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The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
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Nontargeted metabolomics analysis in allergic conjunctivitis.

Nagihan Demirtas1, Onur Senol2, Emine Cinici3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

European Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Allergic conjunctivitis involves significant metabolic changes, including altered histamine, fatty acid, and sphingolipid metabolism. These disruptions impact cell barriers and inflammation pathways, offering insights into disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
Allergic conjunctivitisLC/Q-TOF/MSbioinformatic analysismetabolic pathwaysuntargeted metabolomics

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Metabolomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent global eye condition.
  • Understanding its underlying metabolic mechanisms is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the serum metabolic profile of allergic conjunctivitis patients.
  • To identify key metabolic pathways altered in the disease.

Main Methods:

  • Untargeted metabolomics analysis using LC/Q-TOF/MS.
  • Serum samples from 20 patients and 20 healthy controls.
  • Data analysis with METLIN database and XCMS.

Main Results:

  • Identified and labeled 152 distinct metabolites.
  • Significant alterations (p ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥ 1.5) observed in metabolites.
  • Pathway analysis revealed significant differences in histamine, fatty acid, sphingolipid, purine, vitamin, and melatonin metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic dysregulation, particularly in fat and sphingolipid metabolism, contributes to cell barrier disruption.
  • Altered metabolic pathways are implicated in the inflammatory processes of allergic conjunctivitis.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of allergic conjunctivitis.