Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

8.8K
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
8.8K
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

3.9K
Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
3.9K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

843
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
843
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

21.9K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
21.9K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.3K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.3K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

9.1K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Physicochemical, structural, and in-vitro release properties of low methoxyl pectin-based particle gel beads incorporating apigenin-loaded porous starch for colon-targeted delivery system.

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)·2026
Same author

Exploring psychological flexibility processes in adults with spinal cord injury: a qualitative study.

Disability and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Cognitive fusion as a mediator between pain interference and depressive and anxiety symptoms among adults with spinal cord injury.

The journal of spinal cord medicine·2026
Same author

Efficient Generation of Functional TCRαβ<sup>+</sup> Cytotoxic T Cells from hiPSCs via Small-Molecule Modulation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A mediating role of cognitive fusion in the relationship between pre-death grief and depressive symptoms among family caregivers of people with dementia.

Journal of health psychology·2026
Same author

Bnip3lb-driven mitophagy maintains fate of the embryonic hematopoietic stem cell pool.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis
06:40

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis

Published on: September 9, 2014

14.9K

RNA Editors Sculpt the Transcriptome During Terminal Erythropoiesis.

Areum Han1,2, Alena Yermalovich3,4, Mohamad Ali T Najia1,4,5,6

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Research Square
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Zcchc6-Dis3l2 pathway regulates RNA decay during red blood cell development. Its disruption in mice and human cells increases fetal gamma-globin, offering insights into globin switching and hemoglobinopathies.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Erythropoiesis Research - A Simplified Pipeline for Assessing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
08:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing Erythropoiesis Research - A Simplified Pipeline for Assessing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Published on: January 10, 2025

380
Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis
12:44

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

Published on: November 11, 2014

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis
06:40

Mouse Fetal Liver Culture System to Dissect Target Gene Functions at the Early and Late Stages of Terminal Erythropoiesis

Published on: September 9, 2014

14.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Erythropoiesis Research - A Simplified Pipeline for Assessing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in Myelodysplastic Syndromes
08:53

Author Spotlight: Advancing Erythropoiesis Research - A Simplified Pipeline for Assessing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function in Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Published on: January 10, 2025

380
Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis
12:44

Identification of Key Factors Regulating Self-renewal and Differentiation in EML Hematopoietic Precursor Cells by RNA-sequencing Analysis

Published on: November 11, 2014

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Hematopoiesis
  • RNA Metabolism

Background:

  • Mature erythrocytes have a globin-rich transcriptome due to selective RNA degradation during terminal erythropoiesis.
  • The specific RNA decay pathways governing this process in erythropoiesis are not fully understood.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for advancing research in red blood cell differentiation and treating hemoglobinopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the RNA decay pathways involved in terminal erythropoiesis.
  • To investigate the role of Zcchc6 and Dis3l2 in red blood cell differentiation and globin switching.
  • To explore the potential of targeting the Zcchc6-Dis3l2 pathway for therapeutic applications in hemoglobinopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models with targeted knockout of Zcchc6 and Dis3l2.
  • Cultured human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
  • Employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout of ZCCHC6 and DIS3L2 in human cells.
  • Analyzed globin expression and RNA levels in erythroid cells.

Main Results:

  • Zcchc6 and Dis3l2 deficiency in mice led to fetal and perinatal reticulocytosis, indicating their role in terminal erythroid differentiation.
  • Knockout embryos showed persistent high-level expression of fetal hemoglobin (Hbb-bh1/γ-globin).
  • Perturbation of the Zcchc6-Dis3l2 pathway in human HSPCs resulted in RNA accumulation and elevated γ-globin levels.

Conclusions:

  • The Zcchc6/Dis3l2 pathway plays a conserved role in terminal erythropoiesis.
  • This pathway mediates post-transcriptional mRNA destabilization, contributing to globin switching.
  • Findings support targeting Zcchc6/Dis3l2 for improving in vitro erythrocyte generation and stabilizing γ-globin for hemoglobinopathy treatment.