Barriers to effective parent-adolescent communication on sexuality in rural Southern Malawi

Many adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Malawi often lack accurate knowledge about sexual and reproductive health, leading to risky sexual behaviors. Parents play a crucial role in providing sexuality education to their adolescents. This study explored barriers to effective parent-adolescent communication on sexuality in rural communities in Southern Malawi. Using an exploratory qualitative design, data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 25 parents and 26 adolescents. Responses were analyzed thematically using NVivo 14. The primary barriers included cultural norms that inhibit open communication, fear from both parents and adolescents, strained parent-adolescent relationship which is marked by tension, conflict, and a breakdown in communication, reliance on third-party sources (e.g., media, schools, and religious gatherings) that diminish parental influence, competing priorities limiting parents' availability, and reactive sexuality communication. These findings underscore the need for interventions, including training programs by public health professionals and community outreach by social workers to promote open, timely, and direct communication between parents and adolescents. Improved communication may reduce sexual risk behaviors, enhancing adolescent health and well-being.