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Dynamic changes in dental arches during growth and development: clinical applications and implications
Jiaqing Luo1, Yuxing Ma2,3, Yuwen Ma2,3
1School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China.
Clinical Oral Investigations
|May 2, 2025
Summary
Dental arch size and shape change dynamically during childhood development. Early orthodontic treatment can help guide arch form toward typical patterns, especially noting increased arch depth over width.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Craniofacial Development
Background:
- Understanding typical dental arch development is crucial for diagnosing and treating malocclusions.
- Dynamic changes in arch size and shape occur from primary to permanent dentition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate dynamic changes in dental arch size and shape in children with normal occlusion.
- To evaluate and visualize the effects of early orthodontic treatment on arch development.
Main Methods:
- Polynomial fitting curves and k-means clustering were used to analyze arch forms in 274 children (4-12 years).
- Arch width, depth, and perimeter were measured across five age groups.
- Arch shape normalization and clustering identified typical developmental patterns.
Main Results:
- Rapid increases in arch width, depth, and perimeter occur between ages 4-8 and 11-12 years.
- Dental arches become more elongate as children age.
- Arch depth increases more significantly than arch width during development.
Conclusions:
- Dental arch size and shape exhibit dynamic changes throughout childhood and adolescence.
- Early orthodontic interventions can guide developing arches toward normal configurations.
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