Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Embryologic and Fetal Development of the Human Lacrimal System.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026

Same author

Functional Oculofacial Abstracts.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026

Same author

Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction update study (CUP study): Paper V - atonic lacrimal sac in CNLDO.

European journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Lacrimal drainage system involvement in CHARGE syndrome: a two-case report.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same author

Management of Severe Congenital Ptosis: Enhancing Surgical Predictability.

Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026

Same author

Nocturnal lagophthalmos after levator surgery: clinical correlates and risk factors.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same journal

Study of the toxic effect of benzalkonium chloride on epithelial cells of the lacrimal canaliculi.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same journal

Orbital venous-flow malformations: is terminology complicating management in the <i>AI</i> era?

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same journal

Response to teprotumumab in thyroid eye disease patients of long duration and high clinical activity score.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same journal

Incidentally discovered asymptomatic extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the orbit and dura.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same journal

Warthin tumor of the lacrimal sac: a rare manifestation.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

Same journal

Delayed repair of 15-year inferior rectus entrapment.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

Vertical globe position changes following levator resection surgery.

Mostafa M Diab^1,2, Hatem A Tawfik³

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Al-Fayoum, Egypt.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

|May 2, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Levator muscle resection for congenital ptosis can cause globe position changes, including downward displacement (hypoglobus). This study quanties these vertical globe position changes after surgery.

Keywords:

Levator resection congenital ptosis globe malpositions hypoglobus hypotropia

More Related Videos

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Published on: November 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Published on: November 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Surgical Techniques
Congenital Ptosis Correction

Background:

Congenital ptosis is a common condition requiring surgical correction.
Levator muscle resection is a primary surgical approach for simple congenital ptosis.
Overcorrection or globe position changes can occur post-surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and quantify vertical globe position changes after levator muscle resection surgery for simple congenital ptosis.
To assess the incidence and degree of hypoglobus (downward globe displacement) following the procedure.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing unilateral levator resection for simple congenital ptosis.
Measurement of Margin Reflex Distance 1 (MRD1) and Vertical Palpebral Fissure (VPF).
Quantification of vertical globe displacement using Image-J software by comparing globe positions between eyes.

Main Results:

Twenty-eight patients were analyzed, with 39.3% having prior ptosis surgery.
Significant increases in MRD1 and VPF were observed post-surgery (p < 0.001).
Median inferior globe displacement was 2.5 mm at 1 week, improving over time (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Maximal or supramaximal levator resection may lead to globe descent (hypoglobus), potentially due to conjoint fascial sheath injury.
Transient superior rectus muscle dysfunction might also contribute to globe rotation (hypotropia).
Understanding these potential globe position changes is crucial for managing surgical outcomes in congenital ptosis.