Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

15.2K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
15.2K
Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry01:27

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

7.7K
A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
7.7K
Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations01:28

Symmetry in Maxwell's Equations

3.2K
Once the fields have been calculated using Maxwell's four equations, the Lorentz force equation gives the force that the fields exert on a charged particle moving with a certain velocity. The Lorentz force equation combines the force of the electric field and of the magnetic field on the moving charge. Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force law together encompass all the laws of electricity and magnetism. The symmetry that Maxwell introduced into his mathematical framework may not be...
3.2K
Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry01:26

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

7.2K
A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half...
7.2K
Properties of Fourier series II01:21

Properties of Fourier series II

119
Time scaling of signals is a crucial concept in signal processing that affects the Fourier series representation without altering its coefficients. The process modifies the fundamental frequency, thereby changing how the series represents the signal over time. This principle is essential in various applications, including audio and image processing, where signal manipulation is frequent. Understanding function symmetries is fundamental to simplifying the Fourier series.
A function f(t) is...
119
Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry01:20

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

7.3K
A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emergence of unitary symmetry of microcanonically truncated operators in chaotic quantum systems.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Estimation of equilibration time scales from nested fraction approximations.

Physical review. E·2024
Same author

Bound on Eigenstate Thermalization from Transport.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Its Deviations from Random-Matrix Theory beyond the Thermalization Time.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Model of Persistent Breaking of Discrete Symmetry.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Solutions of Modular Bootstrap Constraints from Quantum Codes.

Physical review letters·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
05:39

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

5.1K

Global Symmetries, Code Ensembles, and Sums over Geometries.

Ahmed Barbar1, Anatoly Dymarsky1, Alfred D Shapere1

  • 1University of Kentucky, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 506 Library Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gauging symmetries in 3D topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) generates additive quantum error-correcting codes. These codes describe condensed anyons and lead to holographic "code" conformal field theories (CFTs).

More Related Videos

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.5K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
05:39

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments

Published on: March 18, 2019

5.1K
Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.5K
Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum field theory
  • Quantum information theory

Background:

  • Topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) in 3D exhibit invertible global symmetries.
  • Additive codes are a significant class of quantum error-correcting codes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between gauging symmetries in 3D TQFTs and the emergence of additive codes.
  • To establish a holographic bridge between 1-form symmetries of TQFTs and 2D CFTs.
  • To propose a holographic description for ensembles of boundary CFTs derived from general 3D TQFTs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Abelian 3D TQFTs and their invertible global symmetries.
  • Identification of nonanomalous subgroups of 1-form symmetry groups parametrizing anyon fusion rules.
  • Investigation of boundary theories dual to TQFTs with maximal symmetry subgroup gaugings.
  • Consideration of ensembles of maximal gaugings in general 3D TQFTs.

Main Results:

  • Gauging invertible global symmetries in 3D TQFTs naturally yields additive codes.
  • These additive codes correspond to nonanomalous subgroups of the 1-form symmetry group.
  • Boundary theories of TQFTs with condensed anyons are identified as "code" conformal field theories (CFTs).
  • A holographic relationship is established between 3D TQFT symmetries and 2D CFTs.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a novel connection between TQFTs, additive codes, and CFTs through the lens of symmetry gauging.
  • The findings suggest that condensed anyons in TQFTs directly relate to the structure of additive codes.
  • The proposed holographic description of boundary CFT ensembles as summed gravitational theories opens new avenues for research.