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Updated: May 9, 2025
Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
Published on: March 20, 2020
Angiogenesis and immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer: Targeted therapy
Ying Zhang1, Hao Yang1, Yanhong Jiang1
1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China.
Abstract:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype that typically lacks effective targeted therapies, leading to limited treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality; however, in recent years, new immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown positive results in some patients. Although the development of TNBC is closely associated with BRCA gene mutations, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression and immune escape. Tumor angiogenesis, the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, and alterations in immune molecules collectively shape an environment unfavorable for anti-tumor immune responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote immune escape by secreting immunosuppressive factors. Therefore, combination strategies of anti-angiogenic and immune checkpoint inhibitory therapies have shown synergistic effects in clinical trials, while new targeted therapies such as TGF-β inhibitors and IL-1β inhibitors offer new options for TNBC treatment. With the development of personalized medicine, combining immunotherapy and targeted therapies brings new hope for TNBC patients.
Insights
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive with few targeted therapies. Combining immunotherapy and targeted treatments, like TGF-β and IL-1β inhibitors, offers new hope for patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited targeted therapy options.
- Chemotherapy is standard, but immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise.
- The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) significantly influences TNBC progression and immune evasion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of the TIME in TNBC progression and immune escape.
- To review current and emerging therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
- To highlight the potential of combination therapies for improved patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on TNBC, TIME, and therapeutic interventions.
- Analysis of the mechanisms by which TAMs and MDSCs contribute to immune suppression.
- Evaluation of clinical trial data for combination strategies.
Main Results:
- TNBC progression is linked to factors like tumor angiogenesis and immunosuppressive cells (TAMs, MDSCs).
- Combination therapies (anti-angiogenic + immune checkpoint inhibitors) demonstrate synergistic effects.
- Novel targeted therapies (TGF-β, IL-1β inhibitors) present new treatment avenues.
Conclusions:
- The TIME is critical in TNBC development and immune evasion.
- Combination strategies integrating immunotherapy and targeted therapies are promising for TNBC.
- Personalized medicine approaches combining these modalities offer new hope for TNBC patients.
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