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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

45
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
45

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Updated: May 15, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Insular functional connectivity in autistic and non-autistic development.

Alisa R Zoltowski1, Michelle D Failla2, Fiona Wu3

  • 1Life Span Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Biological Psychology
|May 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism and interoceptive processing show age-related changes in brain connectivity. While differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals were minimal, brain networks involved in body awareness shift with age.

Keywords:
AutismDevelopmentFunctional connectivityInsulaInteroceptionResting state

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Altered interoceptive processing is noted in autism.
  • Neural connectivity of interoceptive cortices may differ in autism.
  • Developmental patterns and subregional variations in autism are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autism, age, and insula subregion roles in interoceptive connectivity.
  • To examine developmental patterns of interoceptive functional connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 59 autistic and 71 non-autistic individuals (ages 7-54).
  • Resting-state functional MRI analyzed seed-based functional connectivity of insula subregions.
  • Associations with age, group, and self-reported body awareness were examined.

Main Results:

  • With age, primary interoceptive cortex showed decreased subcortical coupling and increased parietal coupling.
  • Decreased functional connectivity in interoceptive areas correlated with increased body awareness.
  • Autism group differences were minimal, with heightened left posterior insula-lateral occipital cortex connectivity in autism.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest developmental shifts in balancing lower-order and higher-order interoceptive processing areas.
  • Autistic patterns of interoceptive processing can be understood relative to age.