Truncation mutation of CHMP2B disrupts late endosome function but reduces TDP-43 aggregation through HSP70...

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive cytoplasmic aggregation is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). This aggregation contributes substantially to the neurodegeneration of ALS and FTLD. The endosome, a key component of membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells and is involved in the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Endosome-related genes such as CHMP2B, Alsin, and TMEM106B, are either causative or act as genetic modifiers in ALS and FTLD. However, the association between endosomal functions and TDP-43 aggregations remain poorly understood. The C-terminal truncation mutation CHMP2B, which causes frontotemporal dementia associated with chromosome 3 (FTD3), disrupts late endosome (LE)-lysosomes fusion. Nevertheless, FTD3 does not induce TDP-43 pathology. In this study, we showed that CHMP2B mutation-induced LE dysfunction promotes TDP-43 aggregate degradation through enhanced recruitment to juxtanuclear quality control compartments. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that CHMP2B^intron5 overexpression upregulates HSP70 expression. New insights into the connection between CMHP2B and HSP70 as well as the role of HSP70-mediated membrane trafficking in TDP-43 aggregation, offer a valuable understanding of the disease mechanism of ALS and FTLD.