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Restless Leg Syndrome and Pregnancy.

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Restless leg syndrome (RLS) affects up to one-fourth of pregnancies, often worsening in later trimesters. Management includes lifestyle changes, iron supplementation, and sometimes medication.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder.
  • Pregnancy is a known period where RLS symptoms can emerge or worsen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the etiology, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, and management of RLS during pregnancy.
  • To assess the risk of RLS recurrence in subsequent pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) from January 1980 to February 2024.
  • English-language articles focusing on RLS in pregnancy were selected for review.

Main Results:

  • RLS affects up to 25% of pregnancies, with prevalence increasing in later trimesters and with higher parity.
  • Potential contributing factors include iron deficiency, hormonal shifts, mechanical strain, and stress/insomnia.
  • Hypertension and a personal history of RLS are identified risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • RLS is a frequent complication of pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester.
  • Iron deficiency is a significant contributing factor.
  • Management strategies encompass behavioral modifications, iron therapy, and pharmacologic interventions when necessary.