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The effect of caffeine consumption on age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jennifer Electra1, Elvina Theodoraliu1, Gilbert Lazarus2,3
1School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Purpose:
To explore the state-of-the-art evidence on the effect of caffeine consumption on the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a significant cause of blindness worldwide.
Methods:
Eligible primary clinical studies published up to 15 June 2024 were included and appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for cohort and case-control studies. The available data were then analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis and effect direction-based vote-counting (PROSPERO CRD42023451237).
Results:
Five studies (9318 patients) were included in this systematic review, three of which investigated the effect of caffeine intake on the development of AMD and two on AMD progression. Caffeine intake from coffee or other beverages showed no significant association with the occurrence of early (adjusted odds ratio 1.11 [95% confidence interval 0.93-1.33], I2 = 0.0%) or late AMD. On the other hand, vote-counting analysis indicated that caffeine consumption, mainly tea, may prevent and hinder disease progression, potentially in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion:
The limited available evidence suggests that caffeine consumption may deter and impede the progression of AMD. In contrast, the protective effect of caffeine consumption on the development of AMD remains uncertain. Further prospective, large-scale studies exploring the effects and dose-response relationship of various caffeine beverages across a broader spectrum of AMD and populations are warranted to corroborate our findings.
Insights
Caffeine consumption does not appear to affect the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, evidence suggests caffeine may impede AMD progression, particularly from tea consumption.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
Background:
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss globally.
- Understanding modifiable risk factors like diet is crucial for AMD prevention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the evidence on caffeine consumption's impact on AMD development and progression.
- To assess the current state-of-the-art research in this field.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of primary clinical studies published up to June 2024.
- Critical appraisal using Joanna Briggs Institute tools for cohort and case-control studies.
- Random-effects meta-analysis and vote-counting analysis were employed.
Main Results:
- Five studies involving 9318 patients were analyzed.
- No significant association was found between caffeine intake and the occurrence of early or late AMD.
- Vote-counting analysis suggested caffeine, especially from tea, might hinder AMD progression.
Conclusions:
- Caffeine consumption may play a role in slowing AMD progression, but its effect on AMD development is uncertain.
- Further large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm dose-response relationships and effects across diverse populations.
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