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Malleability of the system in overcoming limitations: functional elements.

B Saltin

    The Journal of Experimental Biology
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Maximal oxygen uptake in humans is limited by cardiac output, not skeletal muscle capacity. Even highly trained muscles do not limit oxygen delivery, suggesting the heart

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

    Background:

    • The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness.
    • Debate exists whether VO2 max is limited by oxygen delivery (cardiovascular system) or oxygen utilization (skeletal muscle).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the limiting factor for maximal oxygen uptake during whole-body exercise in humans.
    • To determine if skeletal muscle capacity or cardiac function limits VO2 max.

    Main Methods:

    • Direct measurements of skeletal muscle perfusion and oxygen utilization in sedentary and trained individuals.
    • Analysis of oxygen transport chain components during maximal exercise.

    Main Results:

    • Skeletal muscle's maximal perfusion and oxygen utilization capacity exceeds that required for whole-body exercise.
    • Cardiac pump function, not skeletal muscle, is the primary determinant of VO2 max.
    • Training adaptations in skeletal muscle enhance oxygen utilization but do not remove the cardiac limitation.

    Conclusions:

    • Skeletal muscle is not the limiting factor for maximal oxygen uptake in humans.
    • Cardiac output is the primary determinant of VO2 max.
    • Future research may identify pulmonary diffusion capacity as a limiting factor with enhanced cardiac function.

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