Gastric bronchogenic cyst mimicking adrenal Phaeochromocytoma: a case report

Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are rare foregut-derived cystic malformations that can develop within the respiratory tract. While they are commonly found in the mediastinum or lungs, their occurrence at ectopic sites, such as the stomach, is extremely rare. This case report highlights the challenges in diagnosing a gastric bronchogenic cyst and the potential for misdiagnosis a pheochromocytoma, especially when associated with hypertension.

A 47-year-old male presented with a 6-day history of headache and nausea, and was found to have elevated blood pressure. Imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT) scans, suggested the possibility of a pheochromocytoma located near the left adrenal gland. However, subsequent surgical exploration revealed a cystic lesion near the posterior gastric wall, contiguous with the posterior gastric fundus. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a bronchogenic cyst in the gastric fundus.

Bronchogenic cysts are congenital malformations that can present diagnostic challenges, especially when located in atypical sites like the stomach or when associated with hypertension, potentially mimicking pheochromocytoma. Accurate diagnosis relies on imaging, laboratory tests for metanephrines, and careful clinical assessment to differentiate from other tumors.

Correct differentiation between gastric bronchogenic cysts and pheochromocytoma is crucial, emphasizing the need for thorough diagnostic workup and considerate surgical approach.