Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

7.7K
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
7.7K
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

18.5K
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
18.5K
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

51.1K
Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
51.1K
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

4.8K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response to Yang et al.: "A clinical study examining the effects of dietary nitrate on urinary N-nitrosamines".

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

Reply to Wu et al.: "Nitrate and nitrite food composition database: an update and extensive deep dive".

The American journal of clinical nutrition·2026
Same author

Exploring the associations between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and markers of self-reported periodontal disease in the UK Biobank cohort.

European journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

Co-Creating an Intervention to Prevent Injuries in Police Force Recruits: A Concept Mapping Study of Police Force Recruits, Police Force Staff, Health Professionals, and Research Experts.

Sports medicine - open·2026
Same author

Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intake and bladder cancer: findings from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.

Environment international·2026
Same author

Associations between modifiable lifestyle risk factors and abdominal aortic calcification in the UK Biobank Imaging Study.

Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2025

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.0K

Nitrate and nitrite food composition database: an update and extensive deep dive.

Liezhou Zhong1, Jonathan M Hodgson2, Joshua R Lewis3

  • 1Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|May 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study created an expanded food database for dietary nitrate and nitrite, revealing significant variations influenced by food type, cooking, season, and geography. This tool aids accurate health impact assessments.

Keywords:
animal fooddietary intakefood composition databasenitratenitric oxidenitritenitrosamineplant foodprocessed meatretention factor

More Related Videos

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
08:25

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

22.4K
Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

17.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2025

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.0K
Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
08:25

Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

Published on: December 25, 2016

22.4K
Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity
11:28

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

Published on: June 18, 2012

17.9K

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Food Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dietary nitrate and nitrite health effects are food-source dependent.
  • Accurate dietary studies require comprehensive, up-to-date food composition data.
  • Data must account for variations in origin, year, season, and cooking methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Update and expand existing animal- and plant-based food nitrate/nitrite databases.
  • Investigate the impact of cooking, season, geography, and time on nitrate/nitrite content.
  • Provide a resource to guide nutritional and clinical studies on nitrate/nitrite exposure and health.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled extensive global food nitrate/nitrite data, expanding existing databases significantly.
  • Stratified and compared data to determine nitrate/nitrite retention factors for various cooking methods.
  • Analyzed seasonal, geographic, and longitudinal (30-year) changes in food nitrate/nitrite content.
  • Developed a language-model-assisted pipeline for data extraction, accommodating regional reporting differences.

Main Results:

  • Created a database with over 150,000 values for 823 foods, five times larger than previous versions.
  • Quantified nitrite content in plant foods (≤12.27 mg/kg) and established retention factors for boiled (55%) and fried (280%) plant foods.
  • Identified significant seasonal variations in plant nitrate and geographic differences in both plant and animal foods.
  • Observed declining nitrate in some leafy vegetables over 30 years, with minor longitudinal changes in animal foods.

Conclusions:

  • A new, comprehensive food nitrate/nitrite database and calculator have been developed.
  • This resource enables more accurate estimation of dietary nitrate/nitrite exposure in health studies.
  • Facilitates better understanding of the health implications of dietary nitrate and nitrite intake.