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Applying qualitative comparative analysis in a systematic review: Lessons learned.

Dorothee Bauernschmidt¹, Janina Wittmann¹, Julian Hirt²

¹Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Medical Faculty of Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, University Medicine Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany.

Zeitschrift Fur Evidenz, Fortbildung Und Qualitat Im Gesundheitswesen

|May 3, 2025

Summary

Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) can enhance systematic reviews of complex interventions by addressing heterogeneity. Careful attention to data quality and integrated knowledge is crucial for successful application.

Keywords:

Beratung Complex interventions Counselling Dementia Demenz Evidence synthesis Evidenzsynthese Komplexe Interventionen Qualitative Comparative Analysis Qualitative comparative analysis Systematic review Systematisches Review

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Area of Science:

Health Services Research
Evidence Synthesis
Complex Interventions

Background:

Synthesizing evidence on complex interventions is challenging due to heterogeneity in populations, interventions, outcomes, and designs.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) offers a method to identify causal conditions for specific outcomes, potentially managing heterogeneity and complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

To document lessons learned from applying QCA in a systematic review of technology-based dementia care interventions.
To identify challenges and considerations for using QCA in systematic reviews.

Main Methods:

Lessons were derived from research team reflections on challenges encountered during the initial stages of QCA application.
A discussion of aspects for using QCA in systematic reviews is presented, acknowledging the incomplete nature of the QCA.

Main Results:

Key lessons include the necessity of clear eligibility criteria that capture core intervention elements.
A consistent and adequately reported dataset, including suitable publication types, is essential for effective QCA.
Integrating theoretical and practical knowledge through a multi-perspective approach is recommended.

Conclusions:

QCA can enhance systematic reviews by addressing intervention and contextual complexity, leading to increased knowledge gain.
Sufficient and well-reported data are critical for enabling systematic comparisons within QCA.
Adherence to frameworks for complex intervention development, implementation, evaluation, and reporting guidelines is vital for successful QCA implementation.