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Association between sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and stress with lipoprotein ratio values
Ángel Arturo López-González1, José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent2, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá3
1Grupo ADEMA-Salud, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (IUNICS) de Baleares, Palma de Mallorca, España; Facultad de Odontología, Escuela Universitaria ADEMA-UIB, Palma de Mallorca, España; Servicio de Salud de las Islas Baleares, España.
Insights
Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and stress significantly impact lipoprotein ratios and atherogenic risk. Understanding these links is key for developing preventive strategies to improve cardiovascular health in workers.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Health
- Lipid Metabolism
- Public Health
Background:
- Atherosclerosis, a primary driver of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is influenced by multiple factors.
- Lipoprotein ratios are established indicators of atherogenic risk, but the impact of broader lifestyle and demographic factors is less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the associations between sociodemographic variables, lifestyle choices, and stress levels with lipoprotein ratios and overall atherogenic risk.
- To analyze these relationships within a large cohort of Spanish working individuals.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 24,244 Spanish workers.
- Evaluation of associations between age, gender, socioeconomic status, tobacco/alcohol use, physical activity, Mediterranean diet adherence, and stress levels.
- Assessment using atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) scales and atherogenic indices.
Main Results:
- All studied variables showed significant associations with lipoprotein ratios, with age and gender being the strongest predictors.
- Men, older individuals (50-69), and manual laborers exhibited higher atherogenic risk and prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
- Smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and low Mediterranean diet adherence were linked to elevated atherogenic indices.
Conclusions:
- Adverse lipoprotein profiles are significantly shaped by sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and stress.
- Identifying these determinants is crucial for designing targeted preventive interventions.
- Such strategies can effectively reduce atherogenic risk and enhance cardiovascular well-being in the working population.
Introduction:
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process underlying major cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Among the associated risk factors, lipoprotein ratios have been identified as key indicators of atherogenic risk. However, the influence of sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, and stress levels on lipoprotein ratios remains underexplored.
Objective:
To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic variables, healthy lifestyle habits, and stress levels with lipoprotein ratios and atherogenic risk in a large cohort of Spanish workers.
Materials And Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 24,244 Spanish workers. The association between age, gender, socioeconomic status, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress levels with atherogenic risk scales, including atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) and atherogenic índices, was evaluated.
Results:
A significant association was found between all analyzed variables and lipoprotein ratios. The strongest associations were observed with age and gender, followed by occupational status, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, and stress levels. Men exhibited a higher atherogenic risk compared to women (OR 2.36; 95% CI 2.18-2.55). The risk increased significantly with age, peaking in the 50-69 age group (OR 5.00; 95% CI 3.70-6.31). Manual workers had a higher prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia compared to non-manual workers (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.27-1.41). Furthermore, smoking (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.71-1.97) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.36-1.55), physical inactivity (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.76-2.05), and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.60-1.84) were associated with higher atherogenic index values.
Conclusions:
The presence of an adverse lipoprotein profile is strongly influenced by sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and stress. Identifying these determinants may enable the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at reducing atherogenic risk and improving cardiovascular health in working populations.
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