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Related Concept Videos

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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
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In-Depth Carotid Calcification Morphometrics and Their Temporal Changes Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk

Aikaterini Tziotziou1,2, Federica Fontana3, Suze-Anne Korteland1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Women with carotid atherosclerosis have larger calcifications closer to the lumen compared to men. Non-smokers and diabetic patients also exhibit distinct calcification characteristics, offering insights into stroke risk.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCalcificationCardiovascular risk factorsCarotid arteryComputed tomography angiography

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Stroke Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke incidence varies by sex and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), with poorly understood mechanisms.
  • Carotid atherosclerosis calcification impacts plaque stability and may influence ischemic stroke risk.
  • Understanding calcification morphometrics is crucial for assessing stroke risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess detailed calcification morphometrics in extracranial carotid atherosclerosis.
  • To analyze temporal changes in these calcifications over 2 years.
  • To investigate associations between calcification features, sex, and CVRFs.

Main Methods:

  • 144 carotid arteries from 72 symptomatic patients (Plaque-At-Risk study) with recent ischemic events were analyzed.
  • Multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) was used for imaging at baseline and 2-year follow-up.
  • Semi-automatic segmentation and 3D reconstruction allowed comprehensive morphometric assessment of calcifications, analyzed using generalized linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • Women exhibited larger calcifications (4.5 mm2 vs. 3.2 mm2) closer to the lumen (0.6 mm vs. 0.9 mm) compared to men.
  • Non-smokers had larger (5.3 mm2 vs. 3.2 mm2) and longer (5.7 mm vs. 2.4 mm) calcifications than current smokers at baseline.
  • Diabetic patients presented with thicker carotid calcifications (1.1 mm vs. 0.8 mm) at baseline.

Conclusions:

  • Geometric features of carotid calcifications are significantly associated with patient sex and CVRFs.
  • These findings provide deeper insights into the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis.
  • Detailed morphometric analysis aids in understanding stroke risk stratification.