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Highlights of 2024: Tregs immunometabolism and how to counter inflammatory niches

Nicolas Valentini1,2, Christopher J Requejo Cier1,2, Caroline Lamarche2,3

  • 1Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Immunology and Cell Biology
|May 4, 2025
PubMed

In this article for the Highlights of 2024 Series, we discuss recent discoveries in Treg immunometabolism, which reveal how inflammatory niches alter Treg fate and function through distinct metabolic cues. Key findings include IL-21-driven mitochondrial dysfunction, lactate-enhanced OXPHOS via MGAT1, sphingolipid-dependent Treg differentiation in tumors, ferroptosis susceptibility under high-fat diets, and sex-specific adipose Treg subsets modulating glucose homeostasis. Together, these insights highlight potential metabolic targets to restore Treg function in inflammatory diseases and cancer.

Keywords:
Tregsglycolysisimmunometabolismmitochondriaoxidative phosphorylation

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